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The President's Council on Bioethics
The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics. Established on November 28, 2001, by Executive Order 13237, the Council was directed to "advise the President on bioethical issues that may emerge as a consequence of advances in biomedical science and technology".〔Executive Order 13237 - ''Creation of the President's Council on Bioethics'', November 28, 2001, Vol. 66, No. 231, 〕 It succeeded and largely replaced National Bioethics Advisory Commission, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, which expired in 2001.
The members of the council were appointed directly by the President; the President also chose the chairperson of the Council (last appointed Chair was Edmund D. Pellegrino). Council members, totaling no more than 18, were appointed for a two-year term, after which time they could be reappointed by the President. Individuals appointed could not be officers or employees of the federal government. Executive Order 13237 was renewed in 2003, 2005 and again in 2007.〔(Creation of the Council ), President's Council on Bioethics Website, Retrieved 2009-12-07.〕
== Expiration and replacement ==
In June 2009, President Barack Obama's administration informed members of the Council that their services were no longer needed.〔Wade, Nicholas. Obama Plans to Replace Bush’s Bioethics Panel. ''The New York Times'' June 17, 2009〕 Through a spokesperson, Obama made clear that he intended to replace the committee with a body that "offers practical policy options" rather than philosophical guidance.〔
Executive Order 13521 of November 24, 2009 superseded the previous council by establishing the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues.〔Executive Order 13521 - ''Establishing the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues'', November 24, 2009, Vol. 74, No. 228, 〕 On Wednesday, Nov. 25, 2009, Obama named Amy Gutmann, the president of the University of Pennsylvania, to chair his new advisory panel on bioethics. James W. Wagner, the president of Emory University, was appointed vice chairperson.〔"Obama taps Penn's Gutmann to lead bioethics panel," ''Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 25, 2009〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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